17 research outputs found

    Hyperbranched Rigid Aromatic Phosphorus-Containing Flame Retardants for Epoxy Resins

    Get PDF
    A rigid aromatic phosphorus-containing hyperbranched flame retardant structure is synthesized from 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-10H-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO-HQ), tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)phosphine oxide (THPPO), and 1,4-terephthaloyl chloride (TPC). The resulting poly-(DOPO-HQ/THPPO-terephthalate) (PDTT) is implemented as a flame retardant into an epoxy resin (EP) at a 10 wt% loading. The effects on EP are compared with those of the monomer DOPO-HQ and triphenylphosphine oxide (OPPh3) as low molar mass flame retardants. The glass transition temperature, thermal decomposition, flammability (reaction to small flame), and burning behavior of the thermosets are investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry, UL 94-burning chamber testing, and cone calorimeter measurements. Although P-contents are low at only 0.6 wt%, the study aims not at attaining V-0, but at presenting a proof of principle: Epoxy resinswith PDTT show promising fire performance, exhibiting a 25% reduction in total heat evolved (THE), a 30% reduction in peak heat release rate (PHRR) due to flame inhibition (21% reduction in effective heat of combustion (EHC)), and an increase in T-g at the same time. This study indicates that rigid aromatic hyperbranched polymeric structures offer a promising route toward multifunctional flame retardancy

    Facile Photochemical Modification of Silk Protein–Based Biomaterials

    Get PDF
    Silk protein–based materials show promise for application as biomaterials for tissue engineering. The simple and rapid photochemical modification of silk protein–based materials composed of either Bombyx mori silkworm silk or engineered spider silk proteins (eADF4(C16)) is reported. Radicals formed on the silk‐based materials initiate the polymerization of monomers (acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or allylamine) which functionalize the surface of the silk materials with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA), or poly(allylamine) (PAAm). To demonstrate potential applications of this type of modification, the polymer‐modified silks are mineralized. The PAA‐ and PMAA‐functionalized silks are mineralized with calcium carbonate, whereas the PAAm‐functionalized silks are mineralized with silica, both of which provide a coating on the materials that may be useful for bone tissue engineering, which will be the subject of future investigations

    Vesicles from amphiphilic dumbbells and janus dendrimers: Bioinspired self-assembled structures for biomedical applications

    No full text
    The current review focuses on vesicles obtained from the self-assembly of two types of dendritic macromolecules, namely amphiphilic Janus dendrimers (forming dendrimersomes) and amphiphilic dumbbells. In the first part, we will present some synthetic strategies and the various building blocks that can be used to obtain dendritic-based macromolecules, thereby showing their structural versatility. We put our focus on amphiphilic Janus dendrimers and amphiphilic dumbbells that form vesicles in water but we also encompass vesicles formed thereof in organic solvents. The second part of this review deals with the production methods of these vesicles at the nanoscale but also at the microscale. Furthermore, the influence of various parameters (intrinsic to the amphiphilic JD and extrinsic—from the environment) on the type of vesicle formed will be discussed. In the third part, we will review the numerous biomedical applications of these vesicles of nano- or micron-size

    SynthÚse et caractérisation de chélateurs dendritiques (Vers de nouveaux agents de contraste IRM et radiopharmaceutiques ciblant le cerveau et de nouvelles molécules à propriétés magnétiques)

    No full text
    L évolution des techniques scientifiques améliore de jour en jour la qualité de vie et la santé chez l homme. De nouvelles techniques d imagerie telles que l Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique (IRM) et la Médecine Nucléaire, qui permettent une visualisation de l intérieur du corps par une méthode non invasive, sont des exemples de ce progrÚs scientifique. Etant donné que pour un grand nombre d examens IRM la sensibilité est trop faible, l utilisation d agents de contraste synthétiques ou de radiopharmaceutiques n est pas seulement utile mais indispensable.Un des axes principaux du développement actuel concerne l imagerie fonctionnelle qui est un outil fondamental, et notamment pour la compréhension des mécanismes impliqués dans les maladies neuro-dégénératives. En conséquence, le but de notre recherche est d adopter une nouvelle stratégie pour l élaboration de radiopharmaceutiques spécifiques du cerveau en se basant sur l ingénierie chimique et, en particulier, de la chimie des dendrimÚres. Une telle approche est prometteuse car la diversité de fonctionnalisation apportée par la structure arborescente résout simultanément les problÚmes de biocompatibilité, faible toxicité, grande stabilité in vivo et de vectorisation auxquels les nouveaux radiopharmaceutiques spécifiques doivent répondre afin de correspondre au marché.Dans une premiÚre partie mon travail de thÚse s est focalisé sur le développement de deux chélateurs dendritiques spécifiques, capables de complexer des ions tels que le Gadolinium (III) (IRM), le ManganÚse (II) (MEMRI), et le 99mTechnétium (III) (TEMP). Le premier est un dérivé du DTPA (acide triéthylÚnediamine pentaacétique) et le second chélateur dendritique est basé sur un sidérophore synthétique (un dérivé tripodal portant un ligand bidentate sur chaque bras). Dans une seconde partie, des nanoparticules magnétiques ont été fonctionnalisées avec des dendrimÚres afin d obtenir de nouveaux agents de contraste T2.The evolution of scientific techniques improves day by day the quality of human health and life. New imaging techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Nuclear Medicine, which allow visualization within a body via a non-invasive way, are examples of this scientific progress. Given the fact that for a great number of MRI examinations the sensitivity is too low, the use of synthetic contrast agents or radiopharmaceuticals is not only paramount but even mandatory. A main axis of current development concerns functional imaging which, in particular, is a fundamental tool for the understanding of the mechanisms involved in neuro-degenerative diseases. Thus, the goal of our research is to develop a new strategy for the elaboration of brain-specific radiopharmaceuticals by means of chemical engineering and, in particular, dendrimers chemistry. Such an approach is promising as the diversity of functionalization brought by the arborescent structure of the dendrimer simultaneously solves the problems of biocompatibility, low toxicity, large in vivo stability and vectorization to which new specific radiopharmaceuticals must answer to fit the market.In a first part, my work is focused on the development of two new dendro-chelates able to complex ions such as Gadolinium (III) (MRI), Manganese (II) (MEMRI), and 99mTechnetium (III) (SPECT). The first one is based on a DTPA (diethylenediaminepentaacetic acid) derivative and the second dendro-chelate based on a synthetical water soluble siderophore (a tripodal derivative bearing one bidentate ligand on each arm). In a second part, magnetic nanoparticules were functionnalised with dendrimers to obtain new T2 contrast agents.STRASBOURG-Sc. et Techniques (674822102) / SudocSudocFranceF

    A dendritic amphiphile for efficient control of biomimetic calcium phosphate mineralization

    No full text
    The phase behavior of a dendritic amphiphile containing a Newkome-type dendron as the hydrophilic moiety and a cholesterol unit as the hydrophobic segment is investigated at the air–liquid interface. The amphiphile forms stable monomolecular films at the air–liquid interface on different subphases. Furthermore, the mineralization of calcium phosphate beneath the monolayer at different calcium and phosphate concentrations versus mineralization time shows that at low calcium and phosphate concentrations needles form, whereas flakes and spheres dominate at higher concentrations. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron diffraction confirm the formation of calcium phosphate. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction confirm the predominant formation of octacalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite. The data also indicate that the final products form via a complex multistep reaction, including an association step, where nano-needles aggregate into larger flake-like objects

    ExploratIon de nouveaux marqueurs faciaux d'Ă©motions chez les oiseaux

    No full text
    International audienceLes capacitĂ©s d’expression faciale des Ă©motions restent mĂ©connues chez les oiseaux. La description de marqueurs faciaux d’émotions pourrait cependant, Ă  l’instar des mammifĂšres, nous permettre d’accĂ©der Ă  leurs expĂ©riences Ă©motionnelles et ainsi mieux comprendre leur sensibilitĂ©. Notre Ă©tude visait Ă  explorer de nouveaux marqueurs d’émotions positives chez les oiseaux. Nous avons observĂ© un groupe de 5 Aras bleu et jaune (Ara ararauna) captifs entrainĂ©s quotidiennement au vol libre (relation de confiance avec leurs soigneurs). Afin de crĂ©er un contraste Ă©motionnel, nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© des tests individuels de sĂ©paration-rĂ©union avec un soigneur dans un environnement nouveau. Le test se divisait en trois phases de 2 minutes chacune: l’oiseau Ă©tait placĂ© dans l’environnement nouveau avec un soigneur (phase union) puis, l’oiseau Ă©tait laissĂ© seul (phase sĂ©paration), puis le soigneur revenait avec l’oiseau (phase rĂ©union). Cette procĂ©dure a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©pĂ©tĂ©e 10 fois pour chaque individu et l’ensemble a Ă©tĂ© filmĂ© afin d’extraire des images de profil (40 images par phase par individu). Nous avons observĂ© des frĂ©quences significativement plus importantes de comportements de recherche de contacts en prĂ©sence du soigneur que lors de la phase de sĂ©paration alors que des cris d’appels ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©mis exclusivement pendant la phase de sĂ©paration. Nous avons observĂ© une hauteur des plumes significativement plus importante au niveau de la tĂȘte et du cou ainsi qu’un indice colorimĂ©trique de rouge plus Ă©levĂ© autour des yeux en prĂ©sence du soigneur. Chez un individu, nous avons observĂ© l’expression de « eye pinning » (contractions rapides de la pupille) exclusivement en prĂ©sence du soigneur. Ces rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que l’ébouriffement des plumes de la calotte et de la nuque associĂ© Ă  un rougissement de la peau pourraient signaler une Ă©motion Ă  valence positive et ouvrent de nouvelles pistes de recherches sur la fonction du « eye pinning » chez les oiseaux

    Synthesis and sequencing of informational poly(amino phosphodiester)s

    No full text
    International audienceSequenced-defined poly(amino phosphodiester)s containing mainchain tertiary amines were synthesized by automated solid-phase phosphoramidite chemistry. These polymers were prepared using four monomers with different substituents. The formed polymers were characterized by HPLC and mass spectrometry. These methods evidenced preparation of molecularly-defined polymers. Furthermore, the presence of tertiary amines in the polymer backbones facilitates sequencing by tandem mass spectrometry
    corecore